Design of experiments for Quick U-building method for building energy performance measurement

Quick U-building (QUB) is a method for short time measurement of energy performance of buildings, typically one night. It uses the indoor air temperature response to the power delivered to the indoor air by electric heaters. This paper introduces a method for estimating the expected measurement error as a function of the amplitude and the time duration of the input signal based on the decomposition of the time response of a state-space model into a sum of exponentials by using the eigenvalues of the state matrix. It is shown that the buildings have a group of dominant time constants, which gives an exponential response, and many very short and very large time constants, which have a small influence on the response. The analysis of the eigenvalues demonstrates that the QUB experiment may be done in a rather short time as compared with the largest time constant of the building.     

Multiplicative relative perturbation bounds of eigenvalues for diagonalizable matrices

In this paper, we present the general bounds of multiplicative relative perturbation for diagonalizable matrices, which are the improvement of recent results. The bounds gained here are sharper than those in related literatures. In addition, we obtain the multiplicative relative bounds for normal matrices, which are discussed first.     

A Method for Improving Multivariate Measurement Systems Assessment

Multivariate measurement systems analysis (MSA) is usually performed by designing suitable gauge repeatability and reproducibility (R&R) experiments, ignoring available data generated by the measurement system while used for inspection or process control. This article proposes an approach that, by using the data that are routinely available from the regular operation of the instrument, allows the measurement instrument's current precision to be compared against a benchmark. The proposed method may be appropriately used in an integrated and coordinated manner with the usual multivariate gauge study in the sense that it can be used to assess the stability or a possible deterioration in the precision of the measurement instrument while operational. Therefore, the complementary use of the proposed approach and the traditional multivariate gauge R&R studies can be a useful strategy for improving the overall quality of multivariate measurement systems. Furthermore, because it can be implemented at almost no additional cost, it may be effective in reducing the costs of a multivariate MSA performed with a certain frequency. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Optimal Automatic Generation Control of Asynchronous Power Systems Using Output Feedback Control Strategy with Dynamic Participation of Wind Turbines

Abstract—This article presents the design of optimal output feedback automatic generation control regulators for an interconnected power system with dynamic participation of doubly fed induction generator based wind turbines. The power systems consist of plants with hydro-thermal turbines and are interconnected via parallel AC/DC links. Efforts have been made to propose optimal automatic generation control regulators based on feedback of output state variables, which are easily accessible and available for the measurement. The designed optimal output feedback automatic generation control regulators are implemented, and the system dynamic responses for various system states are obtained considering 1% load perturbation in one of the areas. The dynamic performance is compared with that obtained with optimal automatic generation control regulators designed using full state vector feedback. The pattern of closed-loop eigenvalues is also determined to test the system stability.     

Performance and robustness of block constraint preconditioners in finite element coupled consolidation problems

Block constraint preconditioners are a most recent development for the iterative solution to large‐scale, often ill‐conditioned, coupled consolidation problems. A major limitation to their practical use, however, is the somewhat difficult selection of a number of user‐defined parameters (at least 4) in a more or less optimal way. The present paper investigates the robustness of three variants of the block constraint preconditioning in relation to the above parameters. A theoretical analysis of the eigenspectrum of the preconditioned matrix provides relatively simple bounds of the eigenvalues as a function of these parameters. A number of test problems used to validate the theoretical results show that both the mixed constraint preconditioner (MCP) combined with the symmetric quasi‐minimal residual (SQMR) solver and the MCP triangular variant (T‐MCP) combined with the bi‐conjugate gradient stabilized (Bi‐CGSTAB) are efficient and robust tools for the solution to difficult Finite Element‐discretized coupled consolidation problems. Moreover, the practical selection of the user‐defined parameters is relatively easy as a stable behavior is observed for a wide range of fill‐in degree values. The theoretical bounds on the eigenspectrum of the preconditioned matrix may help to suggest the most appropriate parameter combination. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An invariant subspace‐based approach to the random eigenvalue problem of systems with clustered spectrum

The repeated or closely spaced eigenvalues and corresponding eigenvectors of a matrix are usually very sensitive to a perturbation of the matrix, which makes capturing the behavior of these eigenpairs very difficult. Similar difficulty is encountered in solving the random eigenvalue problem when a matrix with random elements has a set of clustered eigenvalues in its mean. In addition, the methods to solve the random eigenvalue problem often differ in characterizing the problem, which leads to different interpretations of the solution. Thus, the solutions obtained from different methods become mathematically incomparable. These two issues, the difficulty of solving and the non‐unique characterization, are addressed here. A different approach is used where instead of tracking a few individual eigenpairs, the corresponding invariant subspace is tracked. The spectral stochastic finite element method is used for analysis, where the polynomial chaos expansion is used to represent the random eigenvalues and eigenvectors. However, the main concept of tracking the invariant subspace remains mostly independent of any such representation. The approach is successfully implemented in response prediction of a system with repeated natural frequencies. It is found that tracking only an invariant subspace could be sufficient to build a modal‐based reduced‐order model of the system. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

求解平面转子本征问题的因式分解方法

讨论了平面转子的可因式分解性,用因式分解的方法求解了平面转子的本征问题,并计算了均匀强电场下平面转子的能级和波函数。     

抑制联络线振荡的广域阻尼控制

广域阻尼控制为提高互联系统区间振荡模式的阻尼特性提供了新途径。为研究广域阻尼控制反馈信号和控制器安装点的优化选择,应用特征根分析法和传统控制理论,以 IEEE 10 机39 母线系统为例,分析了多机系统振荡功率在网络中的分布特征。由于良好信号能量和信噪比,区间振荡模式的联络断面振荡功率可为广域阻尼控制器优选反馈信号;阻尼控制器安装点的优化能够利用发电机至联络断面之间的传递函数模型,通过机电模式的留数和留数比确定。进而针对互联系统,给出了的结合特征根分析法和系统辨识技术的反馈信号选择与广域阻尼控制器布点的一般流程,改善了大系统的计算复杂性。     

求解矩阵特征值的混合人工鱼群算法

根据矩阵特征值的分布理论,通过确定矩阵特征值的分布区域,用混合人工鱼群算法来求解任意数值矩阵特征值的近似值。实验结果表明,这种基于混合人工鱼群求解矩阵特征值的算法,可达到一定的精度,能够有效地获得任意矩阵的特征值。     

基于最大特征根的相对效率的下界估计

定义了广义线性模型中参数的最小二乘估计（LSE）与最佳线性无偏估计（BLUE）的一种新的相对效率,这种相对效率定义为参数估计量的协方差阵的最大相对特征根之比。给出了当设计矩阵满秩,协方差阵非负定时这种新的相对效率的下界,研究了新的相对效率与广义相关系数之间的关系,由本文的而占可见,当广义线性模型与主成分分析、典型相关分析方法结合应用时,这种相对效率具有很强的实用价值。